Deviņpadsmitā gadsimta beigās un divdesmitā gadsimtā sākumā Komo ezera krasti ar iekoptajiem dārziem, jahtu piestātnēm un muliņiem atspoguļoja ar rūpniecības uzplaukumu un progresu saistītos ideālus, kā arī romantisku vēlmi saglabāt dabisko vidi un ainavu.

Aptuveni ap šo laiku ezera krastos aizsākās brīvdienu villu un viesnīcu celtniecība, ko veicināja ezera apkārtnes dabiskais skaistums un Milānas tuvums. Jaunas ražošanas nozares kāpināja izaugsmes tempus iekšzemē, un aristokrātijas pārstāvjiem tagad bija pievienojušies apmeklētāji no rūpnieku un vidusšķiras aprindām.

Ezera krastus un apkārtējo ainavu izraibināja mazi un lieli mājokļi, un kopā ar villām un privātmājām parādījās arī jauna veida pārvietošanās veids – trošu dzelzceļi. Viesnīcu arhitektūrā galvenokārt jaušamas eklektikas iezīmes, tāpēc jaunajā apbūvē dominēja tieši klasicisma un Šveices vasarnīcu stilā celtās villas. Paši labākie zemesgabali atradās tieši ezera krastā, kur ēku arhitektūra izcēlās uz prasmīgi iekoptu dārzu fona, vai uz zemesraga, kur no skatu tornīšiem jeb belvederiem pavērās plaši panorāmas skati. Līdz 20. gadsimta sākumam dažu ēku arhitektūrā jau bija parādījušās jaunās modes tendences jeb izsmalcinātais brīvības (Liberty) stils, kur dabas iedvesmoto motīvu izmantošana veicināja vispārējā mērķa sasniegšanu, liekot arhitektūrai saplūst ar apkārtējo ainavu.

Interesants šī stila piemērs ir zīda magnāta Bernaskoni villa Černobio pilsētā, kur viņš uzcēla arī modernu rūpnīcu, kas, pateicoties vietējai iniciatīvai, šobrīd tiek atjaunota. Projektējot šo villu, kas celta 1905. gadā, arhitektu Kampanīni iedvesmojusi tekstilrūpniecība. Fasāžu bareljefos starp zīdkoka lapām redzami zīdtārpiņi, kas ir ar darbu un ražošanu saistīti simboli.

Lancodintelvi pilsētiņā Komo ezera krastā atrodas divas arhitekta Somarugas projektētās villas „Poletti” (1913. g.) un „Cirla” (1915. g.), kas ar efektīgo būvapjomu kārtojumu un plūdlīnijās veidotajiem dekoratīvajiem elementiem ir spilgti brīvības stila piemēri. Brunates pilsētiņas villu „Maria” (1904. g.) un „Chiara” (1906. g.) arhitektūra vēl apvieno gan eklektiku, gan modernismu, kamēr citu villu arhitektūrā, piemēram, „Cantaluppi” (1908. g.), „Marinoni” (1910. g.), „Rebuschini” (1910. g.) un „Franceschini” (1911.–1912. g.) jau pilnībā atspoguļojas aizraušanās ar ziedu un augu motīviem.

Vēl viena lieliska vieta, kur iespējams atrast ziedu romantiskā stila iedvesmotu arhitektūru, ir kapsētas. Šajās ezera piekrastes pilsētiņās atrodamās kapenes ir izcili arhitektūras un dekoratīvās tēlniecības sintēzes piemēri, kas ir tik raksturīgi jūgendstilam. 

Image artist function date
Giuseppe Sommaruga architect 1867-1917
Alfredo Campanini architect 1873-1926
Achille Manfredini engineer 1869-1920
Giulio Ulisse Arata architect 1881-1962
Giovanni Battista Bossi architect 1864-1925
Alfredo Menni architect 1870-1946
Gaetano Moretti architect 1860-1930
Ulisse Stacchini architect 1860-1938
Ernesto Bazzaro sculptor 1859-1937
Leonardo Bistolfi sculptor 1859-1933
Gaetano Previati painter 1852-1920
Giovanni Segantini painter 1858-1899
Adolfo Wildt scupltor 1862-1931
Officina Beltrami a Milano of Giovanni Beltrami production of stained glass windows 1860-1926
Carlo Bugatti furniture designer, cabinetmaker 1856-1940
Ditta Calderoni a Milano jewellery production
Società Ceramica di Laveno ceramics production
Alessandro Mazzucotelli wrought iron master and designer 1865-1938
Eugenio Quarti furniture designer, cabinetmaker 1867-1929
Fabbrica Italiana di Mobili di Carlo Zen furniture designer, furniture production 1851-1918
Cover Author Description date Link
Eleonora Bairati, Daniele Riva l liberty in Italia

LATERZA, Bari ISBN: 9788842025443
2001
Fabio Benzi (curator of the catalogue of the exhibition) Il liberty in Italia

FEDERICO MOTTA EDITORE, Milano ISBN: 88-7179-290-4
2002
Rossana Bossaglia (curator) Archivi del liberty italiano

FRANCO ANGELI EDITORE, Milano ISBN: 10: 88-204-2435-5, ISBN 13: 978-88-2042-435-0
1988
Rossana Bossaglia Il liberty in Italia

CHARTA, Milano ISBN: 88-8158-146-9
1998
Lara – Vinca Masini l liberty. Un’avventura artistica internazionale tra rivoluzione e reazione, tra cosmopolitismo e provincia, tra costante ed effimero, tra sublime e stravagante

GIUNTI, Firenze ISBN: 88-09-01711-0
2000
Giovanna Mori Era di Moda, Eleganza in Italia attraverso i Manifesti Storici della Raccolta Bertarelli

SILVANA EDITORIALE, Cinisello Balsamo, Milano ISBN: 88-8215-942-6
2005
Vittorio Sgarbi (curator of the catalogue of the exhibition) Sogni. Visioni tra Simbolismo e Liberty

SILVANA EDITORIALE, Cinisello Balsamo, Milano ISBN: 88-8215-971-X
2005
Stefano Baia Curioni, Marco Cattini (curators Il mondo nuovo. Milano 1890 – 1915

©Universitŕ Commerciale Luigi Bocconi by MONDADORI ELECTA, Milano ISBN: 88- 435-9864-3
2002
Rossana Bossaglia, Valerio Terraroli Il liberty a Milano

SKIRA, Milano ISBN: 888491681
2003
Cecilia de Carli Brunate tra eclettismo e Liberty. La villeggiatura progettata dal 1890 al 1940

Edition by Amministrazione Comunale, Brunate
1985
Stefano della Torre (curator) Cernobbio Villa Bernasconi. Storia e restauro

NODOLIBRI, Como ISBN: 978-88-7185-144-7
2008
Stefano della Torre (curator) Vita e arte di cantiere. Immagini, materiali, testimonianze per la storia dell’edilizia nel comasco e nel lecchese, 1850 – 1950

NODOLIBRI, Como ISBN: 88-7185-034-3
1994
Giovanna Ginex, Ornella Selvafolta Il cimitero monumentale di Milano. Guida storico-artistica

SILVANA EDITORIALE, Cinisello Balsamo ISBN: 88-366-0511-7
1996
Enrico Levrini Lago di Como. Fascino e nobiltŕ

MACCHIONE EDITORE, Varese ISBN: 88-8340-147-6
2002
Domenico Lini, Pietro Ridondi (curators) La scienza, la cittŕ, la vita. Milano 1906: l’esposizione internazionale del Sempione

SKIRA, Milano ISBN: 88-7624-817-X
2003
Guido Lopez, Elisabetta Susani n Liberty. Milano e Lombardia

CELIP, Milano ISBN: 88-87152-05-5
1999
Valerio Terraroli Le arti decorative in Lombardia nell'etŕ moderna 1780-1940 (vol. II)

SKIRA, Milano ISBN: 888118589X
2000
Various authors L’idea del lago. Un paesaggio ridefinito: 1861/1914

NUOVE EDIZIONI GABRIELE MAZZOTTA, Milano ISBN: 88-202-0568-8
1984
Daniele Astrologo Abadal, Ruggero Montrasio (curators) Anima mundi. I marmi di Adolfo Wildt

SILVANA EDITORIALE, Cinisello Balsamo, Milano ISBN: / EAN: 97888-3660928-4
2007
Eleonora Bairati, Daniele Riva Giuseppe Sommaruga, un protagonista del liberty italiano

NUOVE EDIZIONI GABRIELE MAZZOTTA, Milano ISBN: 88-202-0497-5
1982
Rossana Bossaglia Bistolfi

EDITALIA, Roma ISBN: EDITALIA, Roma
1981
Rossana Bossaglia, Maria Flora Giubilei I Bugatti

NUOVE EDIZIONI GABRIELE MAZZOTTA, Milano ISBN: 88-202-1234-X
1997
Rossana Bossaglia, Arno Hammacher Mazzucotelli: l'artista italiano del ferro battuto liberty,

IL POLIFILO EDITORE, Milano, (Multilingual edition in Italian, English and German) ISBN: 88-7050-472-7
1971
Luciano Caramel (curator) Medardo Rosso. Le origini della scultura moderna

SKIRA, Milano ISBN: 888491907X
2004
Caterina Corradini MARIUS" Mario Stroppa 1880/1964

CLAUDIO MADOGLIO EDITORE, Crema
2001
Maria Fratelli (curator) Il Quarto Stato. Pellizza da Volpedo

FEDERICO MOTTA EDITORE, Milano ISBN: 978-88-7179-554-6
2007
Fausto Gozzi, Paola Pallottino, Lucio Scardino, Vittorio Sgarbi Aroldo Bonzagni. Pittore e illustratore. Ironia, satira e dolore

CHARTA, Milano ISBN: CHARTA, Milano
1998
Fabio Mangone Giulio Ulisse Arata. Opera completa

ELECTA NAPOLI, Napoli ISBN: 88-435-4534-5
1993
Annie-Paule Quinsac Vittore Grubicy e l’Europa. Alle radici del Divisionismo

SKIRA, Milano ISBN: 8876244050
2005
Vittorio Sgarbi (curator) Aroldo Bonzagni

EDIZIONI GABRIELE MAZZOTA, Milano ISBN: 88-202-1766-X
2005
Various authors Marcello Dudovich. Oltre il manifesto

CHARTA, Milano ISBN: 978-88-8158-417-8
2002
Various authors Gaetano Previati, 1852-1920. Un protagonista del simbolismo europeo

ELECTA MONDADORI, Milano ISBN: 88-435-6853-1
1999
Arte italiana decorativa e industriale
Monthly illustrated periodical of decorative arts, directed by architect Camillo Boito.Published by Hoepli and Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, in Milan and Bergamo, from 1890 to 1912, under the patronage of the Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce.

L’architettura italiana
Monthly illustrated periodical concerning building sciences and practical architecture. Published by Crudo of Turin, from 1905 to 1943.

L'arte decorativa moderna. Rivista di architettura e di decorazione della casa e della via
Monthly illustrated periodical of fine arts and indoor and outdoor decoration, founded by the sculptor Leonardo Bistolfi with Calandra, Ceraioli, Reycend and Thovez. Published by Bertolero of Turin since 1902.

L’artista moderno
Fortnightly illustrated periodical of Fine and Decorative Arts, published by Roux e Viarengo of Torino since 1904.

L'illustrazione italiana
Weekly magazine of current events and culture founded in 1873 by Antonio Treves, also chief executive and publisher in Milano till 1939.

Edilizia Moderna: periodico mensile di architettura pratica e costruzione
Periodical of practical architecture and building sciences, founded by Luca Beltrami and published by G. Modiano of Milano, from 1892 to 1917 and from 1929 to1968.

Emporium
Monthly illustrated periodical of fine arts, literature, siences and miscellaneous, published by Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche of Bergamo since 1895.

Natura ed Arte
Fortnightly periodical of science, literature and arts, published in Milano since 1891 to 1911, by Francesco Vallardi.

Novissima
Illustrated periodical of fine arts and literature, first published by Novissima Editions of Milan in 1901 and since 1903 to 1913 in Rome.The periodical changed its name several times: from Novissima to Albo Annuale d'Arti E Lettere, then to Rivista d'Arti e Lettere, Albo d'Arti e Lettere, and finally to Rivista mensile d'Arti e Lettere.

Partner:
Regione Lombardia 
D.G. Autonomia e Cultura
Piazza Città di Lombardia,1
IT – 20124 Milano
Italia
E-mail: comunicazione_culture@regione.lombardia.it 

Links

L’epoca dell’Art Nouveau tra Como, Varese e Milano